3.1 In this document, the term Confidential Information means any and all information:
(1) disclosed by the Discloser to the Recipient; and
(2) in any form (including verbal, electronic, visual, in writing or in any other tangible form); and
(3) which is identified as, notified as being, or which would be reasonably expected to be, confidential or proprietary to the Discloser and all copies of any such information.
Confidential Information includes legal and other documents, software, software documentation, data, inventions, training materials, third party confidential information, and any information about any customers or clients of the Discloser, including customer lists, which is disclosed to the Recipient in connection with the Negotiations.
(4) and any information that is marked “Confidential”;
3.2 Confidential Information does not include information:
(1) which is or becomes publicly available (other than as a result of breach of this document);
(2) obtained from a third party without any obligation of confidence;
(3) already known to the Recipient on a non-confidential basis before disclosure; or
(4) which is developed independently without reference to the Confidential Information.
3.3 The Recipient may only use Confidential Information disclosed to it under this document for the sole purpose of the Negotiations and must use Confidential Information strictly in accordance with the Discloser’s directions and otherwise in accordance with this document.
3.4 Subject to clause 3.5, a Recipient must not disclose any Confidential Information to any third party without the express and prior written consent of an authorised representative of the Discloser.
3.5 A Recipient may disclose the Discloser’s Confidential Information:
(1) to an officer, employee or advisor who is subject to a duty of confidentiality; or
(2) to an agent, contractor or professional adviser who is subject to a duty of confidentiality and agrees to be bound by, and comply with, the terms of this document as if they were named as a party to this document; or
(3) if required by applicable law (including legislation, court order or requirements of any government department, agency or authority (including, without limitation, the rules of a relevant stock exchange)).
3.6 If a Recipient is required by law to disclose any Confidential Information to a third person, the Recipient must:
(1) before doing so notify the Discloser and give the Discloser a reasonable opportunity to take any steps that the Discloser considers necessary to protect the confidentiality of that information; and
(2) notify the third person that the information is the Confidential Information of the Discloser.
3.7 A Recipient must:
(1) use, copy, reproduce or otherwise deal with the Confidential Information disclosed by the Discloser only in a manner that is related to the conduct and advancement of the Negotiations; and
(2) take all reasonable precautions to avoid unauthorised disclosure and protect against unauthorised use of the Confidential Information, such precautions to be at least as stringent as those used by the Recipient for the protection of its own confidential information; and
(3) immediately advise the Discloser in writing of any inadvertent inappropriate disclosure, misappropriation or misuse by any person of the Discloser’s Confidential Information.
3.8 A Recipient must not reverse engineer or decompile any software included in any Confidential Information, or make any unauthorised copies of any Confidential Information.
3.9 All Confidential Information is provided to a Recipient "as-is" and the Discloser makes no warranty of any kind with respect to the suitability or accuracy of Confidential Information or that Confidential Information does not infringe any third party rights.
3.10 A Recipient acknowledges that it has no proprietary rights, title or interest in, and will not acquire any licence, rights, title or interest in, any Confidential Information or other information disclosed by the Discloser.
3.11 The obligation of confidentiality set out in this document operates indefinitely unless the parties otherwise agree in writing.